أصل الأرقام العربية

يُعَدُّ الْخَطُّ الْعَرَبِيُّ مِنْ أَرْقَى الْفُنُونِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ وَأَكْثَرِهَا تَمَيُّزًا. لَقَدْ تَطَوَّرَ هَذَا الْفَنُّ عَلَى مَرِّ الْقُرُونِ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ رَمْزًا لِلْجَمَالِ وَالْإِبْدَاعِ فِي الْحَضَارَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ. ظَهَرَتْ أَنْوَاعٌ عَدِيدَةٌ مِنَ الْخُطُوطِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ، وَلِكُلِّ نَوْعٍ خَصَائِصُهُ الْفَرِيدَةُ. فَخَطُّ النَّسْخِ يَتَمَيَّزُ بِوُضُوحِهِ وَسُهُولَةِ قِرَاءَتِهِ، وَلِذَلِكَ يُسْتَخْدَمُ فِي طِبَاعَةِ الْكُتُبِ وَالصُّحُفِ. أَمَّا خَطُّ الثُّلُثِ فَيُعْتَبَرُ أَجْمَلَ الْخُطُوطِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ وَأَصْعَبَهَا، وَيُسْتَخْدَمُ فِي زَخْرَفَةِ الْمَسَاجِدِ وَالْقُصُورِ. وَهُنَاكَ أَيْضًا الْخَطُّ الدِّيوَانِيُّ الَّذِي كَانَ يُسْتَخْدَمُ فِي الْوَثَائِقِ الرَّسْمِيَّةِ فِي الدَّوْلَةِ الْعُثْمَانِيَّةِ. يَحْتَاجُ الْخَطَّاطُ إِلَى أَدَوَاتٍ خَاصَّةٍ لِمُمَارَسَةِ فَنِّهِ. فَالْقَلَمُ الْمَصْنُوعُ مِنَ الْقَصَبِ هُوَ الْأَدَاةُ الْأَسَاسِيَّةُ، وَيُقْطَعُ بِزَاوِيَةٍ مُعَيَّنَةٍ حَسَبَ نَوْعِ الْخَطِّ الْمَطْلُوبِ. كَمَا يُسْتَخْدَمُ الْحِبْرُ الْأَسْوَدُ الْمَصْنُوعُ مِنَ السُّخَامِ وَالصَّمْغِ الْعَرَبِيِّ. وَيَخْتَارُ الْخَطَّاطُ الْوَرَقَ بِعِنَايَةٍ فَائِقَةٍ لِأَنَّ جَوْدَةَ الْوَرَقِ تُؤَثِّرُ فِي جَمَالِ الْخَطِّ. لَا يَزَالُ فَنُّ الْخَطِّ الْعَرَبِيِّ حَيًّا فِي الْعَصْرِ الْحَدِيثِ. فَكَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْفَنَّانِينَ الْمُعَاصِرِينَ يَدْمِجُونَ الْخَطَّ الْعَرَبِيَّ فِي أَعْمَالِهِمُ الْفَنِّيَّةِ الْحَدِيثَةِ، مِمَّا يَخْلُقُ حِوَارًا بَيْنَ التُّرَاثِ وَالْمُعَاصَرَةِ. وَقَدِ اعْتَرَفَتْ مُنَظَّمَةُ الْيُونِسْكُو بِالْخَطِّ الْعَرَبِيِّ كَجُزْءٍ مِنَ التُّرَاثِ الثَّقَافِيِّ غَيْرِ الْمَادِّيِّ لِلْبَشَرِيَّةِ.

Arabic calligraphy is considered one of the most refined and distinctive Islamic arts. This art has evolved over the centuries until it became a symbol of beauty and creativity in Arab and Islamic civilization. Many types of Arabic scripts have emerged, each with its own unique characteristics. Naskh script is distinguished by its clarity and readability, which is why it is used in printing books and newspapers. Thuluth script is considered the most beautiful and most difficult of Arabic scripts, and is used to decorate mosques and palaces. There is also the Diwani script, which was used in official documents during the Ottoman Empire. The calligrapher needs special tools to practice his art. The pen made from reed is the primary tool, and it is cut at a specific angle depending on the type of script required. Black ink made from soot and gum arabic is also used. The calligrapher selects paper with great care because the quality of the paper affects the beauty of the script. The art