الْمَنْقُوشَةُ خُبْزٌ مَشْهُورٌ فِي لُبْنَانَ. هِيَ خُبْزٌ رَقِيقٌ، وَعَلَيْهِ زَعْتَرٌ مَعَ زَيْتٍ. وَيَأْكُلُهَا اللُّبْنَانِيُّونَ فِي الْفُطُورِ. فِي دِيسَمْبِرَ ٢٠٢٣ دَخَلَتِ الْمَنْقُوشَةُ قَائِمَةَ الْيُونِسْكُو لِلتُّرَاثِ غَيْرِ الْمَادِّيِّ. كَانَ اجْتِمَاعُ الْيُونِسْكُو فِي بَلَدٍ اسْمُهُ بُوتْسْوَانَا، فِي إِفْرِيقْيَا. وَطَلَبَ لُبْنَانُ ذَلِكَ فِي مَارِسَ ٢٠٢٢. وَتَقُولُ الْيُونِسْكُو: الْمَنْقُوشَةُ جُزْءٌ مِنْ هُوِيَّةِ لُبْنَانَ. يَصْنَعُ النَّاسُ الْمَنْقُوشَةَ فِي الْبُيُوتِ وَفِي الْمَخَابِزِ. وَيَخْبِزُونَهَا فِي فُرْنٍ، أَوْ عَلَى الصَّاجِ. وَالْأَفْرَانُ مِنَ الْمَعْدِنِ أَوْ مِنَ الْحَجَرِ. وَالصَّاجُ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ الْمَعْدِنِ. هُنَاكَ مَنْقُوشَةٌ بِالزَّعْتَرِ وَالزَّيْتِ فَقَطْ. وَهُنَاكَ مَنْقُوشَةٌ بِالزَّعْتَرِ وَالْجُبْنِ. وَأَحْيَانًا يَضَعُ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهَا بَعْضَ الْخُضَارِ. وَيَأْكُلُهَا بَعْضُ النَّاسِ مَعَ اللَّبْنَةِ. وَطَعْمُ الْمَنْقُوشَةِ يُذَكِّرُ النَّاسَ بِـ«الصُّبْحِيَّةِ». وَالصُّبْحِيَّةُ لِقَاءٌ تَقْلِيدِيٌّ فِي الصَّبَاحِ. وَفِي كُلِّ مَنَاطِقِ لُبْنَانَ مَخَابِزُ لِلْمَنْقُوشَةِ. فِي لُبْنَانَ أَزْمَةٌ اقْتِصَادِيَّةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ مُنْذُ سَنَةِ ٢٠١٩. وَالْمَنْقُوشَةُ مِنْ أَرْخَصِ الْأَكَلَاتِ فِي لُبْنَانَ. قَبْلَ الْأَزْمَةِ كَانَ ثَمَنُهَا نِصْفَ دُولَارٍ تَقْرِيبًا. وَفِي سَنَةِ ٢٠٢٣ كَانَ ثَمَنُهَا دُولَارًا وَاحِدًا تَقْرِيبًا. وَتَقُولُ الْيُونِسْكُو: بَيْعُ الْمَنْقُوشَةِ فِي الْمَخَابِزِ الصَّغِيرَةِ يُسَاعِدُ الِاقْتِصَادَ الْمَحَلِّيَّ. وَيَعِيشُ لُبْنَانِيُّونَ كَثِيرُونَ فِي بِلَادٍ أُخْرَى. لِذَلِكَ فِي بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الْبِلَادِ مَخَابِزُ وَمَطَاعِمُ تَبِيعُ الْمَنْقُوشَةَ.
Manoushe is a famous bread in Lebanon. It is a thin bread, with za’atar and oil on it. And the Lebanese eat it at breakfast. In December 2023, manoushe joined UNESCO’s list of intangible heritage. The UNESCO meeting was in a country called Botswana, in Africa. Lebanon asked for this in March 2022. And UNESCO says: manoushe is part of Lebanon’s identity. People make manoushe at home and in bakeries. They bake it in an oven, or on the saj. The ovens are made of metal or of stone. And the saj is a piece of metal. There is manoushe with za’atar and oil only. And there is manoushe with za’atar and cheese. Sometimes people put some vegetables on it. And some people eat it with labneh. The taste of manoushe reminds people of the “sobhiyye”. The sobhiyye is a traditional morning get-together. And in every part of Lebanon there are bakeries for manoushe. Lebanon has had a big economic crisis since 2019. And manoushe is one of the cheapest foods in Lebanon. Before the crisis its price was a